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In 2023, the world economy continued to face many difficulties and challenges such as more intense and comprehensive strategic competition among major countries, increasing geopolitical tensions; complicated armed conflict between Russia and Ukraine and fighting in the Middle East which negatively impacted on the global economic recovery after the Covid-19 pandemic. Natural disasters, droughts, storms, floods, and climate change caused serious consequences; the risks of energy security, food security, and cyber security wasincreasing... In spite of being subdued, inflation was still anchored at a high level, many major economies maintained tight monetary policies and high interest rates; global trade, consumption and investment continued their downtrend; protective barriers and trade defense measures increased, etc., affecting export and import in the region and the world. Modest growth and growing public debt in many economies, including Viet Nam’s major trading partners, posed many potential risks, and decline in world aggregate demand directly impacted countries with high ranking in economic openness, including Viet Nam.