LABOUR FORCE AND EMPLOYMENT
Labour force includes the employed persons aged 15 and over (working) and the unemployed persons, as defined in the reference period (7 days prior to the time point of observation).
Employed population in the economy reflects number of persons aged 15 years and over who are employed in the reference period (7 days prior the time point of observation).
Employed population in the economy are persons aged 15 years and above in the reference period (7 days prior the time point of observation) who are engaged in any activity (not prohibited by the law) at least one hour to produce goods/products or provide services for the purpose of generating income for themselves and their families.
Employed population also include those persons who are not working in the reference week but have a job and strongly attach to this job (such as continuously receive salary/wage during the absence from work or surely back to work for less than 1 month).
Besides, the following specific cases are also considered “employed” or “engaged in an activity”:
(1) Those persons who are participating in training or skill enhancement activities due to job requirements in the recruiting establishment;
(2) Those persons who are considered apprentices, trainees (including interns), are working and receiving wage/salary;
(3) Those persons who are working in their own economic establishments/households to produce goods/products or provide services;
(4) Those persons who are working for the purpose of wage/salary/profit even that the money is not paid directly to them but accrued to their own families’ general income, including:
(i) Those persons who are working in any kind of business units run by one member of their own families, living in the same or another household;
(ii) Those persons who are in charge of any task/duty of a paid job held by one member of their own families, living in the same or another household.
Employment to population ratio is the percentage of total employed persons to total population.
| Employment to population ratio (%) | = | Employed population | × 100 |
| Total population |
Rate of trained persons employed in the economy is the indicator reflecting the comparable rate of trained persons employed to total number of persons employed in the period.
| Rate of trained persons employed in the economy (%) | = | Number of trained persons employed | × 100 |
| Total number of persons employed |
Number of trained persons employed in the economy includes those who satisfy both of the following conditions:
– Be employed in the economy;
– Have been trained in a school or an establishment whose responsibility is training in professional, technical knowledge under the National Education System for3 months and more, have been graduated or granted the degree/certificate including: short-term training, vocational secondary school, vocational college, professional secondary school, college, university and post-graduate(master, doctor, and science doctorate).
Unemployed population and unemployment rate
Unemployed population is persons aged 15 years and over, met the following factors in the reference period: (i) currently not working; (ii) seeking employment;(iii) ready to work.
Unemployed population also consists of those persons who are currently unemployed and ready to work but do not seek employment in the reference period, due to some reasons as follows:
– Have been able to get work or business/productive activities to start after the reference period;
– Forced to be absent from work (without continuously receiving salary/wage or uncertainly returning to the former work) because the establishment is shrunk or stopped;
– During the off season;
– Unexpected/sudden family duties or being sick or temporarily ill.
Unemployment rate expressing the rate between the number of unemployed persons and the labor force.
| Unemployment rate (%) | = | Number of unemployed persons | × 100 |
| Labour force |
Underemployed population and underemployment rate
Underemployed population is employed person who work less than 35 hours, are willing and ready to work to work additional hours, in the reference week.
In which:
Willing to work additional hours, means that (i) they want to do extra work to increase overtime; (ii) they want to replace one of the current work being engaged in by another to be able to work overtime; (iii) they want to increase overtime for one of the existing work, or a combination of the three expectation above;
Ready to work additional hours means that in the reference time (a week) if there are job opportunities, they are willing to work additional hours immediately;
Work less than 35 hours, means that they have worked less than 35 hours during the reference week for all work done.
Underemployment rate is the indicator expressing the rate between the number of underemployed persons and the employed person.
Formula:
| Underemployment rate (%) | = | Number of under-employed persons | × 100 |
| Total number of employed persons |
Labour productivity is the indicator reflecting the working performance of labour, usually measured by Gross Domestic Product to a worker on an average in the reference period, usually a calendar year.
| Labour productivity | = | Gross Domestic Product (GDP) |
| Average employed population |