1. Gross domestic product (GDP) growth

GDP in nine months of 2016 was estimated to grow by 5.93% compared to the same period last year, continuing the trend that quarterly GDP growth is higher than GDP growth of the previous quarter  (GDP grew by 5.48% in the first quarter; 5.78% in the second quarter; and 6.40% estimate in the third quarter), but it was lower than the growth rate of 6.53% in 2015’s same period. The major reason is that the mining and quarrying continued to go down[1] and the agriculture had lower growth rate than the growth rate in the same period last year. Of the growth rate of the whole economy in nine months of this year, the agriculture, forestry and fishery sector increased by 0.65%, this has been the lowest growth rate compared to the same period in recent six years[2], contributed 0.11 percentage points to the general growth; the sector of industry and construction went up by 7.50%, contributed 2.52 percentage points; the service sector raised by 6.66%, contributed 2.55 percentage points[3].

Of the sector of agriculture, forestry and fishery, the forestry reached the highest growth rate of 6.19% compared with the same period in 2015, contributed 0.04 percentage points to the general growth; the fishery grew by 1.81%, contributed 0.06 percentage points; although the agriculture has shown signs of rising again compared with the decrease rate of 0.78% in six beginning months of the year, it only reached the growth rate of 0.05%, contributed 0.01 percentage points.

Of the industry and construction sector, the industry increased by 7.19% from the same period last year, much lower than the growth rate of 9.86% in nine months of 2015, of which the manufacturing attained the increase rate of 11.22%, contributed 1.80 percentage points to the general growth rate. The mining and quarrying in nine months of this year declined by up to 3.60%, reduced 0.28 percentage points of the general growth rate, mainly because the exploited crude oil output decreased against the similar period last year; the exploitation of coal had difficulties in the consumption of products due to the decline of prices. The construction had a good growth rate of 9.1%, contributed 0.5 percentage points to the general growth rate.

Of the service sector, some industries had the growth rate with a large proportion as follows: The wholesale and retail trade increased by 8.15% over the identical period last year, this is the industry with the second highest growth rate in the service sector (after the information and communications) but it had the highest contribution to the overall growth rate with 0.74 percentage points; the accommodation and catering service went up by 5.71%, contributed 0.22 percentage points; the finance, banking and insurance by 7.38%, contributed 0.37 percentage points; the real estate business by 3.66% (2.9% increase in the same period last year), contributed 0.2 percentage points.

About the structure of economy in nine months of 2016, the sector of agriculture, forestry and fishery accounted for 15.54%; the industry and construction accounted for 32.48%; the service represented 41.8% product taxes less subsidies on production accounted for 10.18%.

According to the structure of using GDP in nine months, the final consumption rose 6.97% against the identical period in 2015, contributed 4.96 percentage points to the general growth rate (of which the final consumption of households contributed the highest with 4.52 percentage points); accumulated assets grew by 10.12%, contributed 2.87 percentage points; trade balance of goods and services in GDP in the situation of trade deficit reduced 1.9 percentage points of the growth.

  1. Production of agriculture, forestry and fishery

Agriculture

As of mid-September, the country cultuivated 1691.3 thousand hectares of winter rice, equaling 98.2% from the same period last year, of which provinces in the North finished the cultivation with the area of 1151.6 thousand hectares, equaling 98.7%; provinces in the South cultivated 539.7 thousand hectares of winter rice, equaling 97.2%. To now, the harvested winter rice area in the North was nearly 24 thousand hectares. If the weather is favorable in the last months of the year and the crop is not affected by pests and diseases, the winter rice productivity of the Nothern provinces this year will be estimated approximately the productivity in the same period last year, the estimated yield will reach 5.8 million tons,down 36.6 thousand tons.

The summer-autumn rice area this year was estimated to gain 2106 thousand hectares, up 3.2 thousand hectares compared with the same crop last year. As of September 15, 2016, the Southern provinces harvested 1648.9 thousand hectares of summer-autumn rice, equaling 93.6% from the same period last year, accounting for 78.3% of the cultivated area. According to localities’ report, the summer-autumn rice productivity of the whole country this year was estimated to reach 5390 kilograms per hectares, down 30 kilograms per hectares against the same crop in 2015; the estimated production achieved an estimate of 11.3 million tons, down 49 thousand tons.

Animal husbandry was generally stable. As of mid-September, the country’s flock of buffaloes reduced by 1% from the similar period in 2015; flock of oxen raised by 2%-2.5%; flock of pigs increased by 3.5%-4%; flock of poultry went up by 5%-5.5%. The output of  live-weight buffalo meat for slaughter in nine months of 2016 went down by 1.2% against the identical period last year; output of live-weight beef climbed by 2%; output of live-weight pork moved up by 4.5%; poultry meat production rose 5.7%.

Forestry

In nine months of 2016, the concentrated planted forest area of the whole country was estimated to reach 151.9 thousand hectares, down 7.3% compared to the same period last year; the number of separate planted trees gained 133.6 million trees, a decrease of 1.9%; wood production gained 6521 thousand m3, a rise of 11.8%; firewood production gained 21.3 million ster, 0.5% decrease.

Damaged forest area in nine months was 4359 hectares, 2.5 times as high as it was in the same period last year, of which the burnt forest area was 3256 hectares, 3 times as high as the burnt area in the same period last year; destroyed area was 1103 hectares, up 67.9%.

Fishery

Fishing production in nine months of 2016 was estimated to reach 4937.6 thousand tons, increased by 1.98% over the same period last year, of which fish gained 3601.6 thousand tons, up 1.7%, shrimp reached 570 thousand tons, up 1.7%.

The area of aquaculture in nine months was estimated at 1021.7 thousand hectares, up 0.6% against the same period last year; the production of aquaculture gained 2604.8 thousand tons, up 1.2%.

The production of fishing caught in nine months achieved an estimate of 2332.8 thousand tons, up 2.9% over the identical period last year, of which fish attained 1706.8 thousand tons, a rise of 2.6%; shrimp gained 123 thousand tons, a rise of 2.6% (Sea catching in nine months reached 2195.8 thousand tons, up 3%).

  1. Industry

Generally, in nine months, Industrial Production Index (IPI) increased by 7.4% from the same period last year, lower than the growth rate of 9.9% in 2015’s similar period (mainly because the mining and quarrying dropped sharply compared with the same period last year), of which the manufacturing grew by 10.4%, contributed 7.4 percentage points to the overall growth rate; the electricity power generation and distribution rose 12.1%, contributed 0.8 percentage points; the water supply and sewage treatment went up by 6.9%, contributed 0.1 percentage points; only the mining and quarrying fell by 4.1%, reduced 0.9 percentage points of the general growth rate[4].

Consumption index for the whole manufacturing in eight months increased by 8.3% over the identical period in 2015. Stock index for the entire manufacturing as of September 01, 2016 jumped up by 9% from the same period last year; average stock rate in eight months of 2016 was 68.4%.

  1. Operation of enterprises

Business registration situation[5]

Generally, in nine months of this year, the country had 81451 enterprises registered for new establishment with a total registered capital of 629.1 trillion dongs, an increase of 19.2% in the number of businesses and an increase of 49.5% in the registered capital against the same period in 2015[6]. The average registered capital per enterprise reached 7.7 billion dongs, up 25.4%. Newly established enterprises’ total registered number of employees in nine months was 928.7 thousand persons, equaling 92.9% from the same period in 2015. In nine months of this year, there were 20510 enterprises re-operated, up 59.6% over the similar period last year (In nine months of 2015, it grew by 8.2% from the same period in 2014), bringing the total of enterprises registered for new establishment and enterprises re-operated in nine months of this year to nearly 102 thousand enterprises.

Business trends of enterprises

Results of the business trend survey from manufacturing enterprises in the third quarter of 2016 showed that 80.3% of enterprises assessed the situation of business and production in the third quarter relatively stable and better than the previous quarter; 19.7% had difficulties Expecting for the fourth quarter: enterprises’ situation of production and business would be more positive than the third quarter, especially for foreign investment enterprises and State-owned enterprises. Specifically, 85.6% of enterprises evaluated the situation of production to be stable and better; of which 48.8% of enterprises assessed that the trend would be better; 36.8% assessed the situation would be stable, 14.4% forecasted to be more difficult.

Service activities

Total estimated retail sales of consumer goods and services in nine months of 2016 reached an estimate of 2605.8 trillion dongs, up 9.5% compared to the same period last year. If the price factor were excluded, the growth rate would be 7.7%.

Passenger carriage in nine months of 2016 was estimated to reach 2710.3 million passengers, raised by 9.6% and 128.1 billion passengers-kilometres, by 10.5% from the same period last year. Cargo carriage in nine months reached 937.6 million tons, up 9.5% and 179 billion tons-kilometres, up 3.8% from the last year’ same period.

Telecommunication sales in nine months of 2016 were estimated to gain 285.3 trillion dongs, up 7.7% over the similar period in 2015. The total number of telephone subscribers as of the end of September 2016 was estimated to achieve 134.8 million subscribers, up 5.4% over the similar period last year, of which the mobi-phone subscribers reached 129 million ones, up 6%; the fixed telephone subscribers gained 5.8 million ones, down 6.5%. The number of fixed broadband Internet subscribers was estimated to be 8.8 million subscribers, up 23.4% from the same period in 2015.

International visitors to Vietnam in nine months was estimated to reach 7265.4 thousand arrivals, up 25.7% from the same period last year, of which visitors coming by airway gained 6109 thousand arrivals, up 29.7%; by road: 1045.2 thousand arrivals, up 10.8%; by seaway: 111.2 thousand arrivals, down 13.7%.

  1. Banking, insurance

As of September 20, 2016, the total means of payment increased by 11.76% over the end of 2015 (8.88% increase in the same period last year). Capital mobilization of credit institutions grew by 12.02% (an increase of 8.9% in 2015’s same period); credit growth of the economy reached 10.64% (a rise of 10.78% in the same period last year). Deposit interest rate was relatively stable (it only climbed by 0.2%-0.3% for the period from February to March 2016).

Insurance premium revenues of the whole market in the third quarter of 2016 were estimated to rise by 23% over the same period last year, of which life insurance premium revenues grew by 32%; non-life insurance premium revenues increased by 15%.

  1. Investment

Total realized social investment capital in nine months of 2016 at current prices reached an estimate of 1006.9 trillion dongs, went up by 9.6% over the similar period last year and equaled 33.1% of GDP, of which the State sector’s capital gained 378.8 trillion dongs, accounted for 37.6% of the total capital and increased by 7.2% from the identical period last year; the non-State sector’s capital obtained 387.7 trillion dongs, took 38.5% and grew by 10.1%; the FDI sector’s capital attained 240.4 trillion dongs, represented 23.9% and moved up by 12.6%.

The investment capital from the State budget in nine months was estimated to gain 180 trillion dongs, equaling 69.1% of the yearly plan, of which the capital under central management obtained 42.6 trillion dongs, equaled 68.1% of the annual plan; the capital under local management achieved 137.4 trillion dongs, equaled 69.4% of the yearly plan.

From the beginning of the year to September 20, 2016, FDI attracted 1820 newly licensed projects with the total registered capital of US$ 11164.6 million, up 27.1% in the number of projects and up 1.1% in the registered capital against the similar period in 2015. Besides, there were 851 times of license-granted projects from previous years which registered to adjust capital with the additional capital ofUS$ 5265.5 million. Thus, the total registered capital of both newly and additionally financed projects in nine months of this year reached US$ 16430.1 million, down 4.2% from 2015’s same period. Realized FDI capital in nine months was estimated to gain US$ 11.02 billion, up 12.4% from 2015’s similar period.

8. Government revenues and expenditures

Total estimated government revenues from the beginning of the year to September 15, 2016 achieved an estimate of 665.2 trillion dongs, equaling 65.6% of the annual estimate, of which domestic revenues reached 536.3 trillion dongs, equaling 68.3%; collecting from crude oil achieved 28.4 trillion dongs, equaling 52%; from export-import balance gained 97.4 trillion dongs, equaling 56.6%.

Total government expenditures from the beginning of the year to September 15, 2016 reached 819.4 trillion dongs, equalling 64.4% of the yearly estimate. Of which, spending for development investment achieved 130.2 trillion dongs, equaling 51.1%; spending for economic and social development, national defense and security, state management gained 574.2 trillion dongs, equalling 69.7%; repayment of debts and provision of aids 109.8 trillion dongs, equaling 70.8%.

  1. Exports, imports of goods, services

Exports and imports of goods

Generally, in nine months, export turnovers of goods was estimated to reach US$ 128.2 billion, up 6.7% from the same period in 2015, of which the domestic economic sector achieved US$ 37.0 billion, up 5%; the FDI sector (including crude oil) gained US$ 91.2 billion, grew by 7.4%. If the price factor were excluded, export turnovers of goods in nine months would gain US$ 132.4 billion, up 10.2% over the same period in 2015.

Generally, in nine months of 2016, import turnovers of goods reached US$ 125.4 billion, up 1.3% over the same period in 2015, of which the domestic economic sector gained US$ 51.4 billion, up 2%; the FDI sector achieved US$ 74.0 billion, up 0.9%. If the price factor were excluded, import turnovers of goods in nine months would gain US$ 135.1 billion, up 9.1% over the same period in 2015.

About the trade balance of goods, trade deficit in September was estimated to be US$ 100 million. Generally, in nine months of 2016, trade surplus was US$ 2.76 billion, of which the domestic economic sector had a trade deficit of US$ 14.38 billion; the FDI sector had a trade surplus of US$ 17.14 billion.

Exports and imports of services

Service exports in nine months of this year were estimated to reach US$ 9.2 billion, up 12.8% over the same period last year, of which travel service exports gained US$ 6.3 billion, accounting for 68.2% of the total turnovers and up 17.9%. Estimated service imports in nine months achieved US$ 12.6 billion, up 3.4% over the similar period last year, of which transportation service imports gained US$ 6.6 billion, accounting for 52.2% of the total turnovers and up 2.2%. Trade deficit of services in nine months was US$ 3.4 billion.

  1. Price indexes

Consumer price indexes (CPI)

CPI in September 2016 grew by 0.54% from the previous month and by 3.14% over December 2015, on average each month CPI increased by 0.34%. Average CPI in nine months of 2016 climbed by 2.07% against the identical period in 2015, higher than the growth rate of 0.74% in the same period last year, but much lower than the growth rate of the average CPI in nine months of some recent years[7] and still within the limit of 5% target proposed by the National Assembly.

Core inflation in September 2016 increased by 0.07% compared to the previous month and by 1.85% over the same period last year. Average core inflation in nine months of 2016 rose 1.81% against the similar period in 2015.

Gold and US dollar price indexes

Gold price index in September 2016 decreased by 0.36% from the previous month, increased by 17.11% over December 2015 and by 13.08% against the same period last year. US dollar price index in September 2016 climbed by 0.07% from the previous month, went down by 0.99% from December 2015 and declined by 0.77% compared to 2015’s similar period.

Producer price indexes(PPI)

PPI of agricultural, forestry and fishing goods in the third quarter of 2016 increased by 0.43% over the previous quarter and increased by 3.31% from the same period last year. Generally, in nine months, PPI of agricultural, forestry and fishing goods moved up by 0.78% compared with the similar period in 2015.

PPI of industrial goods in the third quarter climbed by 0.65% over the previous quarter and went down by 0.5% from the same period last year. In general, in nine months, PPI of industrial goods reduced by 0.93% against the identical period in 2015.

Price index of fuels and materials used for production in the third quarter rose 0.85% compared with the previous quarter and declined by 0.41% from the same period last year. Generally, in nine months, price index of fuels and materials used for production fell by 1.30% from the similar period in 2015.

 Transportation and warehouse price index in the third quarter jumped by 0.23% from the previous quarter and went down by 2.23% against the similar period last year. Generally, in nine months, transportation and warehouse price index fell by 2.11% against 2015’s similar period.

PPI of services in the third quarter of 2016 increased by 0.43% from the previous quarter and moved up by 2.31% compared with the last year’s same period. In general, in nine months of this year, PPI of services went up by 2.09% over the same period in 2015.

Merchandise export and import price indexes

Merchandize export price index in the third quarter of this year increased by 1.19% over the previous quarter and fell by 1.72% from the same period last year. Generally, in nine months of 2016, merchandize export price index reduced by 3.14% against the similar period last year.

Merchandize import price index in the third quarter moved up by 1.15% over the previous quarter and moved down by 5.83% from the same period last year. Generally, in nine months, merchandize import price index fell by 7.13% compared with the same period in 2015.

Commodity term of trade[8] in the third quarter of this year rose 0.04% against the previous quarter and by 4.37% over the same period last year. In general, commodity term of trade in nine months increased by 4.29% over the identical period in 2015.

  1. Population, labor and employment

The country’s average population in 2016 was estimated to be 92.70 million persons, rose 987.8 thousand persons, equivalent to 1.08% increase over 2015, of which urban population was 32.06 million persons, accounting for 34.6%; rural population was 60.64 million persons, representing 65.4%; male population was 45.75 million persons, taking 49.4%; female population was 46.95 million persons, accounting for 50.6%.

According to the findings of the 1/4/2016 time-point population change and family planning survey, the total fertility rate was estimated to reach 2.09 children per woman; the crude birth rate was estimated to gain 15.74‰; the sex ratio at birth was 112.2 male births per 100 female births; the crude death rate was 6.83‰; the infant mortality rate was 14.52‰; the under five mortality rate was 21.80‰.

As of October 01, 2016, the country’s labor force aged 15 and above was estimated to be 54.44 million persons, rose 122.7 thousand persons compared to 2015’s similar period, of which males was 28.02 million persons, accounting for 51.5%; females was 26.42 million persons, accounting for 48.5%. Labor force aged 15 and above was 17.54 million persons for the urban area, accounting for 32.2%; 36.90 million persons for the rural area, accounting for 67.8%.

Labor force within working age as of above time was estimated to be 47.88 million persons, declined 233.2 thousand persons from the same period last year, of which there were 25.82 million males, accounting for 53.9%; 22.06 million females, accounting for 46.1%. Labor force within working age in the urban area was 16.02 million persons, accounting for 33.5%; in the rural area was 31.86 million persons, accounting for 66.5%.

Employed laborers aged 15 and above in nine months of this year reached an estimate of 53.27 million persons, of which 22.32 million persons were working in the sector of agriculture, forestry and fishery, accounting for 41.9% of the total; 13.16 million ones were working in the sector of industry and construction, representing 24.7%; the sector of services had 17.79 million laborers, taking 33.4%.

Unemployment rate of working-age labor was 2.25% in the first quarter; 2.29% in the second quarter; 2.34% estimate in the third quarter. Generally, in nine months of this year, the unemployment rate of working-age labor was 2.29%, of which it was 3.23% for the urban area; 1.82% for the rural area. Unemployment rate of the youth aged 15-24 in nine beginning months of the year was 7.04%, of which it was 11.65% for the urban area; 5.27% for the rural area. Underemployment rate of working-age labor was 1.76% in the first quarter; 1.55% in the second quarter; 1.68% estimate in the third quarter. Generally, in nine months of 2016, the underemployment rate of working-age labor was 1.66%, of which it was 0.70% for the urban area; 2.11% for the rural area.

The rate of laborers with informal jobs outside of the agricultural, forestry and fishery households[9] was 56.1% in the second quarter; 55.8% estimate in the third quarter. Generally, in nine months of 2016, the country had 55.9% of laborers with informal jobs, of which 47.1% was in the urban area; 63.9% was in the rural area.

  1. People’s life and social security

In nine months of 2016, the country had 251.2 thousand times of households suffering from food shortage, up 15.6% compared to the similar period last year, corresponding to 1040.7 thousand persons suffering from food shortage, up 15.4%. In nine beginning months of the year, all administrative levels, sectors and localities provided difficult families with 16.8 thousand tons of grain food, 775 tons of grain food were provided only in September.

The rate of poor households in 2016 was estimated to be 5.8%-6.0%. If according to multidimensional poverty levels applicable during 2016-2020[10], the rate of poor households was estimated about 10.4%. In nine months, the total funding for social security activities and poverty reduction was estimated at 4677 billion dongs, of which 2964 billion dongs were used for visiting and supporting policy beneficiaries; 1173 billion dongs were used for supporting poor households and 540 billion dongs was used for hunger relief and other social relief. Besides, more than 8.7 million health insurances, free health care books/cards were donated to the policy beneficiaries throughout the whole country.

  1. Education and training

As of the end of September 2016, the country had 52/63 provinces and cities directly under the central management meeting standard for compulsory preschool education for under-5-year children; 63/63 provinces and cities directly under the central management meeting standard for compulsory primary education within right age group, of which 12 provinces and cities were recognized as meeting standard for compulsory primary education within right age group at level 2.

At the time of starting the school year 2016 – 2017, there were over 4.9 kindergarten children; 15.7 million students going to school, including 7.7 million primary school pupils; 5.5 million secondary school pupils and 2.5 million high school pupils.

According to the preliminary report, in the school year 2015-2016, the country had 887.4 thousand students taking the national high school graduation exam, down 11.8% from the previous school year. In the university and college entrance exam of the school year 2016-2017, nearly 300 universities and colleges had enrollment autonomy schemes, a rise of 100 ones compared with the previous school year. After the first round, 127 universities and institutes over the country enrolled 277 students, reached 91% of the proposed quota, of which 41 ones enrolled enough their quota.

  1. Epidemic diseases and food poisoning

In nine months of 2016, the country had 68.7 thousand cases of hemorrhagic fever (21 died); 25.7 thousand cases of hand, foot, mouth disease; 255 cases of typhoid; 686 cases of virus encephalitis (17 died); 41 cases of meningococcal disease (05 died).

Total number of alive HIV-infected persons over the country as of September 17, 2016 was 229.4 thousand persons, of which 86.8 thousand cases turned to AIDS. The number of persons died of HIV/AIDS over the country as of above time was 88.4 thousand persons.

From December 17, 2015 to September 17, 2016, the country had 100 serious cases of food poisoning, infecting 3025 persons, of which 09 cases died.

  1. Sport activities

High performance sport activities in nine months of this year achieved remarkable results: At the Rio 2016 Olympics, Vietnam sports delegation won 01 gold medal and 01 silver medal, was ranked 48th among 206 countries and territories that took part in the Rio Olympics. At the Rio 2016 Paralympics, Vietnam disability sports delegation won 01 gold medal, 01 silver medal, and 02 bronze medals, was ranked 55/83 on medal standings.

  1. Traffic accidents

In nine months of 2016, the country had 15411 cases of traffic accidents, including 7473cases of traffic accidents and 7938 cases of traffic crashing, killing 6440 persons, injuring 4285 persons and injuring slightly 9188 others. In comparison with the same period last year, cases of the traffic accidents in nine months decreased by 7.6% (cases of traffic accidents less serious and more reduced by 1.8%; cases of traffic collision by 12.5%); the death fell by 2%; the injured persons declined by 2.7%; and slightly injured persons decreased by 15%.

On average, each day in nine months of 2016, the country had 56 cases of traffic accident, including 27 cases of traffic accidents and 29 cases of traffic crashing, killing 23 persons and injuring 16 persons and injuring somewhat 33 persons.

  1. Damage by natural calamity [11]

According to the preliminary report, natural calamity in nine months of 2016 made 125 person died and lost; 266 persons injured; over 3500 houses collapsed, swept away; 95.9 thousand houses flooded, blown off, unroofed; 227.3 thousand hectares of rice, 59.2 thousand hectares of vegetables and crops, and 23.9 thousand hectares of aquaculture damaged; 37.5 thousand heads of cattle, 256.1 thousand fowls and 862 tons of fishery died. The total value of damage caused by the disaster in nine months of 2016 was estimated at 10.5 trillion dongs.

  1. Fire and explosion, environment protection

In nine months of 2016, authorities found 10995 cases of violating regulations of environment protection over the country, of which 5444 cases were treated with total fine of over 428.8 billion dongs.

Generally, in nine months of 2016, the country had 2460 cases of fire and explosion, killing 90 persons and injuring 216 others, the value of damage was estimated about 1058 billion dongs.

[1] Production index of the mining and quarrying rose 0.2% in the first quarter; declined by 5.3% in the second quarter; decreased by 6.8% in the third quarter.

[2] The growth rate of the sector I in nine months was 3.95% in 2011; 2.75% in 2012; 2.38% in 2013; 2.94% in 2014; and 2.08% in 2015 respectively.

[3] The contribution of sectors to the GDP growth in nine months of 2015 as follows: The sector I contributed 0.40 percentage points; the sector II contributed 3.20 percentage points; the sector III contributed 2.43 percentage points.

[4] In nine months of 2015, the mining and quarrying increased by 8.6%; the manufacturing by 10.2%; the power generation and distribution by 11.4%; the water supply and sewage treatment by 7.2%.

[5] Source: National Business Registration System, Ministry of Planning and Investment (MPI).

[6] In nine months of 2016, there were 1160.4 trillion dongs of additionally registered capital of enterprises changed to raise the capital, bringing the total registered and additional capital to the economy in nine months to 1789.5 trillion dongs.

[7] Average CPI in nine months compared with the same period in some years as follows: it increased by 22.76% in 2008; by 7.64% in 2009; by 8.64% in 2010; by 18.16% in 2011; by 9.96% in 2012; by 6.83% in 2013; by 4.61% in 2014 respectively.

[8] The ratio between the price index of a country’s export goods and import goods

[9] Laborers with informal jobs outside of the agricultural, forestry and fishery households included people who are not working in the sector of agricultural households and belonged to one of the three following groups: (i) Family workers are not paid salary; (ii) the owner or member of cooperatives of establishments without business registration and (iii) employed workers do not sign the labor contract or sign the limited-time labor contract but not get compulsory social insurance contribution by the recruitment establishment.

[10] The Decision No. 59/2015/QD-TTg dated November 19, 2015 of the Prime Minister promulgating multidimensional poverty levels applicable during 2016-2020 as follows:

  – Poor household in rural areas is the one that satisfied one of the two following norms: (1) Having a monthly per capita income of VND 700,000 or lower and (2) Having a monthly per capita income of between over VND 700,000 and VND 1,000,000 and deprived of at least 3/10 indicators measuring deprivation of access to basic social services;

  – Poor household in urban areas is the one that satisfied one of the two following norms: (1) Having a monthly per capita income of VND 900,000 or lower and (2) Having a monthly per capita income of between over VND 900,000 and VND 1,300,000 and deprived of at least 3/10 indicators measuring deprivation of access to basic social services.

[11] Not to mention the damage caused by serious drought and salt water intrusion in the South Central Coast, the Central Highlands and the Mekong Delta.

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