I. ECONOMIC GROWTH

  1. Gross domestic product (GDP) growth

GDP in 2016 was estimated to grow by 6.21% compared with 2015, of which it increased by 5.48% in the first quarter; 5.78% in the second quarter; 6.56% in ther third quarter; and 6.68% in the fourth quarter.

Of the growth rate of the whole economy, the sector of agriculture, forestry and fishery went up by 1.36%, this was the lowest growth rate since 2011[1], contributed 0.22 percentage points to the general growth; the sector of industry and construction moved up by 7.57%, lower than the growth rate of 9.64% in the previous year, contributed 2.59 percentage points; the service sector raised by 6.98%, contributed 2.67 percentage points.

Of the sector of agriculture, forestry and fishery, the forestry had the highest growth rate of 6.11%, but due to the low proportion, it only contributed 0.04 percentage points to the general growth rate; the agriculture with the largest scale in this sector (about 75%) only reached the low growth rate of 0.72%, contributed 0.09 percentage points; the fishery grew by 2.80%, contributed 0.09 percentage points.

Of the industrial and construction sector, the industry increased by 7.06% from the previous year, of which the manufacturing attained the high growth rate of 11.90%, contributed considerably to the general growth rate with 1.83 percentage points. The mining and quarrying this year declined by up to 4.00%, reduced 0.33 percentage points of the general growth rate, this was the sharpest drop since 2011[2], the main reason was because the decrease of world petrol price lead to the decline of over 1.67 million tons in the exploited crude oil output against the last year; the exploitation output of coal also reached 39.6 million tons, a decrease of 1.26 million tons. The construction had a good growth rate of 10.00%, contributed 0.60 percentage points to the general growth rate.

Of the service sector, the contribution of some industries with large proportion to the general growth was as follows: The wholesale and retail trade hold the largest proportion, reached the increase rate of 8.28% over 2015, contributed 0.77 percentage points to the general growth rate; the finance, banking and insurance grew by 7.79%, contributed 0.43 percentage points; the real estate business was more improved with the growth rate of 4.00%, contributed 0.21 percentage points; the accommodation and catering service this year had the relatively good growth rate of 6.70%, contributed 0.25 percentage points.

About the structure of the economy this year, the sector of agriculture, forestry and fishery took the proportion of 16.32%; the sector of industry and construction accounted for 32.72%; the service sector represented 40.92%; product taxes less subsidies on production accounted for 10.04%.

In terms of using GDP in 2016, the final consumption rose by 7.32% against 2015, contributed 5.29 percentage points to the general growth rate (of which the final consumption of households contributed 4.81 percentage points); accumulated assets grew by 9.71%, contributed 3.08 percentage points; trade balance of goods and services in GDP in the situation of deficit decreased 2.16 percentage points of the growth rate.

  1. Production of agriculture, forestry and fishery

Agriculture

2016’s rice production was estimated to reach 43.6 million tons, down 1.5 million tons against 2015 because the cultivated area achieved 7.8 million hectares, a decline of 40 thousand hectares; rice productivity gained 5600 kilograms per hectare, down 160 kilograms per hectare. If 5.2 million tons of maize were included, the total production of cereals this year was estimated at 48.8 million tons, down 1.5 million tons from 2015.

In the rice production, the cultivated area of winter-spring rice this year reached 3.1 million hectares, down 30 thousand hectares compared with the previous winter-spring crop; the productivity gained 6300 kilograms per hectare, down 350 kilograms per hectare, thus the yield attained 19.4 million tons, down 1.3 million tons. The cultivated of summer-autumn and autumn-winter rice reached 2.8 million hectares, up 23.9 thousand hectares over the last year; the productivity gained 5350 kilograms per hectare, down 0.6%; the yield obtained 15 million tons, up 34 thousand tons. The whole country’s cultivated area of winter rice reached 1.9 million hectares, down 33.5 thousand hectares compared with the same crop last year; the productivity was estimated at 4840 kilograms per hectare, down 40 kilograms per hectare; the yield gained 9.2 million tons, down 243 thousand tons.

According to results of the animal husbandry survey, at the time-point of October 01, 2016, the country’s flock of buffaloes had 2.5 million heads, down 0.2% from the same period last year; flock of oxen had 5.5 million heads, up 2.4%, only dairy cows had 282.9 thousand heads, up 2.8%; flock of pigs had 29.1 million heads, up 4.8%; flock of poultry had 361.7 million heads, up 5.8%. The output of live-weight meat of kinds of domestic animals reached the good level, of which the output of buffalo meat reached 86.6 thousand tons, up 1% from the same period last year; the output of beef gained 308.6 thousand tons, up 3.1%; the output of pork attained 3.7 million tons, up 5%; the output of poultry achieved 961.6 thousand tons, up 5.9%; the ouput of poultry eggs obtained 9446.2 million eggs, up 6.4%.

Forestry

In 2016, the concentrated planted forest area over the country was estimated to reach 231.2 thousand hectares, a decrease of 3.9% from 2015; the number of separate planted forest trees gained 154.5 million trees, a decrease of 4.2%; wood production gained 9568 thousand m3, a rise of 10.3%; firewood production gained 27.1 million ster, 0.4% decrease.

Damaged forest area of the whole country in 2016 was 4519 hectares, 2.4 times higher than 2015, of which the burnt forest area was 3320 hectares, 3.1 times as high as that in 2015; the destroyed area was 1199 hectares, up 47.5%.

Fishery

Estimated fishing production in 2016 reached 6728.6 thousand tons, rose by 2.7% over the previous year, of which fish gained 4843.3 thousand tons, up 2.5%; shrimp attained 823.9 thousand tons, up 3.3%.

Estimated production of aquaculture in 2016 achieved 3604.3 thousand tons, increased by 2.6% from the previous year, of which fish gained 2576.8 thousand tons, up 2.1%; shrimp obtained 649.3 thousand tons, up 3.4%.

In 2016, estimated production of fishing caught gained 3124.3 thousand tons, up 2.9% over 2015, of which fish reached 2266.5 thousand tons, up 2.9%; shrimp achieved 174.7 thousand tons, up 3.3% (Sea catching attained an estimate of 2930.8 thousand tons, up 3.2%).

  1. Industry

Generally, in 2016, Industrial Production Index (IIP) increased by 7.5% over 2015 (it rose by 7.4% in the first quarter; by 7.1% in the second quarter; by 7.1% in the third quarter; estimated to grow by 8.2%), much lower than the growth rate of 9.8% in 2015 and 7.6% in 2014 due to the sharp decline of the mining and quarrying. Of the industries, the manufacturing jumped up by 11.2%, contributed 7.9 percentage points to the general growth rate; the electricity power generation and distribution rose by 11.5%, contributed 0.8 percentage points; the water supply and waste treatment went up by 7.2%, contributed 0.1 percentage points; the mining and quarrying fell sharply by 5.9%, decreased 1.3 percentage points of the general growth rate

Consumption index for the whole manufacturing in eleven months increased by 8.4% over the identical period in 2015. Stock index for the entire manufacturing at the time-point of December 01, 2016 jumped up by 8.1% from the same period last year, this was the lowest inventory level for many years (it grew by 9.5% in the same period in 2015); average stock rate in eleven months of 2016 was 66.1%.

  1. Operation of enterprises

Business registration situation [3]

Generally, in 2016, the number of enterprises registered for new establishment hit the record level with 110.1 thousand enterprises, up 16.2% from 2015, and with a total registered capital of 891.1 trillion dongs, an increase of 48.1% (if including 1629.8 trillion dongs of additionally registered capital of the operating enterprises, the total of additional and registered capital to the economy in 2016 was 2520.9 trillion dongs). The average registered capital per newly established enterprise in 2016 reached 8.1 billion dongs, up 27.5% from 2015. Newly established enterprises’ total registered number of employees in 2016 was 1268 thousand persons, equaling 86.1% from 2015. There were 26689 enterprises re-operated this year, up 24.1% over the last year, bringing the total of enterprises registered for new establishment and enterprises re-operated in 2016 to nearly 136.8 thousand enterprises.

Business trends of enterprises

Results of the survey on business trend of manufacturing enterprises in the fourth quarter of 2016 showed that: 80.6% of enterprises assessed the situation of business and production in the fourth quarter was stable and better than the previous quarter (41.2% of enterprises assessed it was better; 39.4% of enterprises evaluated it was stable), while 19.4% assessed that the situation of business and production still had difficulties. Forecasting for the first quarter of 2017: 81.1% enterprises assessed th situation of production and business would be stable and better, of which 42.6% of enterprises evaluated the trend of production and business would be better; 38.5% thought that it would be stable and 18.9% forecasted it would be more difficult.

Service activities

Total estimated retail sales of consumer goods and services in 2016 reached an estimate of 3527.4 trillion dongs, up 10.2% compared to the previous year (it rose by 9.8% in 2015), if the price factor were excluded, the growth rate would be 7.8%, lower than the growth rate of 8.5% in the previous year due to having no significant change in purchasing power, while the consumer price this year was higher than in 2015.

Passenger carriage in 2016 was estimated to reach 3620.5 million passengers, raised by 9.6% and 171.3 billion passengers-kilometres, by 11%. Cargo carriage in the whole year reached 1275.4 million tons, up 10.6% and 240.7 billion tons-kilometres, up 4.3%.

Telecommunication sales in 2016 were estimated to gain 381.7 trillion dongs, up 6.6% over 2015.

International visitors to Vietnam in 2016 were estimated to reach 10.01 million arrivals, up 26% from the last year (a rise of over 2 million arrivals). This is the first time Vietnam welcomed more than 10 million international visitors, double the amount of visitors to Vietnam in 2010. Of which visitors coming by airway gained 8.26 million arrivals, up 31.7%; by road: 1.47 million arrivals, down 2.3%; by seaway: 284.8 thousand arrivals, up 67.7%.

II. MACRO ECONOMY STABILIZATION, INFLATION CURBING

  1. Banking, insurance

As of December 20, 2016, the total means of payment increased by 16.47% over the end of 2015 (13.55% increase in the same period last year). Capital mobilization of credit institutions grew by 16.88% (an increase of 13.59% in 2015’s same period); credit growth of the economy reached 16.46%.

Insurance market in 2016 maintained the active growth. Insurance premium revenues of the whole market were estimated to rise by 22.1% over the previous year, of which life insurance premium revenues grew by 30.5%; non-life insurance premium revenues increased by 12.5%. The real loss ratio of original insurance in non-life insurance was estimated to be 32.98% (41.47% in the similar period in 2015).

  1. Construction, investment

Construction

Gross output of construction in 2016 at 2010 comparative prices was estimated to grow by 10.1% from 2015, of which the State sector had the growth rate of 1.7%; the non-State sector increased by 12.5%; the FDI sector reduced by 10.9%. Of the gross output, the construction output value of residential buildings moved up by 13.6%; of non-residential buildings declined by 2.5%; of civil engineering buildings increased by 13.1%; of specialized construction services grew by 11.8%.

Development investment

Total realized social investment capital in 2016 at current prices reached an estimate of 1485.1 trillion dongs, went up by 8.7% over 2015 and equaled 33% of GDP, of which the State sector’s capital gained 557.5 trillion dongs, accounted for 37.6% of the total capital and increased by 7.2%; the non-State sector’s capital obtained 579.7 trillion dongs, took 39% and grew by 9.7%; the FDI sector’s capital attained 347.9 trillion dongs, represented 23.4% and moved up by 9.4%.

The realized investment capital from the State budget in 2016 was estimated at 268.6 trillion dongs, equaling 97.8% of the yearly plan and up 15.1% from 2015, of which the capital under central management gained 62.6 trillion dongs, equaling 95.3% of the annual plan and up 14.9%; the capital under local management achieved 206 trillion dongs, equaling 98.6% of the yearly plan and up 15.2%.

From the beginning of the year to December 26, 2016, FDI attracted 2556 newly licensed projects with the total registered capital of US$ 15182.3 million, up 27% in the number of projects and down 2.5% in the registered capital against the similar period in 2015. Besides, there were 1225 times of license-granted projects from previous years which registered to adjust capital with the additional capital of US$ 5765.1 million. In 2016, there were 2547 enterprises, economic organizations contributed capital, bought shares by foreign investors (with the capital rate higher than 50% of charter capital or in the field of conditional invesment) with the total investment capital of US$ 3425.3 million. Thus, in general, the total registered capital of newly, additionally financed projects and investment projects made by contributing capital, buying shares in 2016 reached US$ 24372.7 million, up 7.1% from 2015. Realized FDI capital in 2016 was estimated to gain US$ 15.8 billion, up 9% from 2015, reaching the highest level of FDI capital disbursement ever.

3. Government revenues and expenditures

Total estimated government revenues from the beginning of the year to December 15, 2016 achieved an estimate of 943.3 trillion dongs, equaling 93% of the annual estimate, of which domestic revenues reached 744.9 trillion dongs, equaling 94.9%; collecting from crude oil achieved 37.7 trillion dongs, equaling 69.2%; from export-import balance gained 156.2 trillion dongs, equaling 90.8%.

Total government expenditures from the beginning of the year to December 15, 2016 was estimated at 1135.5 trillion dongs, equaling 89.2% of the yearly estimate. Of which, spending for development investment achieved 190.5 trillion dongs, equaling 74.7%; spending for economic and social development, national defense and security, state management gained 786 trillion dongs, equaling 95.4%; repayment of debts and provision of aids reached 150.3 trillion dongs, equaling 96.9%.

  1. Exports, imports of goods, services

Exports and imports of goods

Export turnovers of goods in 2016 was estimated to reach US$ 175.9 billion, up 8.6% from the previous year (it rose by 7.9% in 2015), of which the domestic economic sector achieved US$ 50.0 billion, up 4.8%; the FDI sector (including crude oil) gained US$ 125.9 billion, grew by 10.2% (If the crude oil was not included, the export turnovers of goods reached US$ 123.5 billion, up 11.8%). If the price factor were excluded, the export turnovers of goods in 2016 would gain US$ 179.2 billion, up 10.6% over 2015.

Import turnovers of goods in 2016 reached an estimate of US$ 173.3 billion, up 4.6% over the last year, of which the domestic economic sector gained US$ 71.1 billion, up 4%; the FDI sector achieved US$ 102.2 billion, up 5.1%. If the price factor were excluded, import turnovers of goods in 2016 would gain US$ 183 billion, up 10.5% against 2015. In general, trade balance of goods in 2016 was a surplus of US$ 2.68 billion, of which the domestic economic sector had a trade deficit of US$ 21.02 billion; the FDI sector had a trade surplus of US$ 23.70 billion.

Exports and imports of services

Service export turnovers in 2016 were estimated to reach US$ 12.3 billion, up 8.9% over 2015, of which travel services gained US$ 8.3 billion, accounting for 67.3% of the total turnovers and up 12.2%; transport services achieved US$ 2.4 billion, accounting for 20% and up 0.7%. Estimated service import turnovers in 2016 attained US$ 17.7 billion, up 7% from the last year, of which transport services imports gained US$ 8.9 billion, accounting for 50.6% of the total turnovers and up 3.8%; travel services obtained US$ 4.5 billion, accounting for 25.4% and up 27.9%. Trade deficit of services in 2016 was US$ 5.4 billion, equaling 44.1% of service import turnovers.

  1. Price indexes

Consumer price indexes (CPI)

CPI in December 2016 grew by 0.23% from the previous month and by 4.74% over December 2015, on average each month CPI increased by 0.4%. Average CPI in 2016 climbed by 2.66% against that in 2015.

Core inflation in December 2016 increased by 0.11% compared to the previous month and by 1.87% over the same period last year. Average core inflation in 2016 rose by 1.83% against that in 2015.

Gold and US dollar price indexes

Domestic gold prices changed according to global gold prices. Gold price index in December 2016 fell by 2.25% from the previous month, grew by 10.98% over the same period last year; gold price index on average in 2016 increased by 5.95% against 2015. US dollar price index in December 2016 moved up by 1.52% from the previous month and by 0.8% from the similar period in 2015; US dollar price index on average in 2016 grew by 2.23% from 2015.

Producer price indexes(PPI) and merchandise export and import price indexes

The PPI of agricultural, forestry and fishing products in 2016 increased by 1.71% compared with the previous year; PPI of industrial products in 2016 climbed by 0.49%; transportation and warehouse price indexes went down by 1.77%; PPI of services grew by 2.38%.

Merchandize export price index in 2016 fell by 1.83% against the previous year; merchandize import price index in 2016 dropped by 5.35% from 2015. Commodity term of trade[4] this year increased by 3.72% compared with the last year.

III. SOCIAL ISSUES

  1. Population, labor and employment

The whole country’s average population in 2016 was estimated to be 92.70 million persons, rose 987.8 thousand persons, equivalent to 1.08% increase over 2015, of which urban population was 32.06 million persons, accounting for 34.6%; rural population was 60.64 million persons, representing 65.4%; male population was 45.75 million persons, taking 49.4%; female population was 46.95 million persons, accounting for 50.6%.

According to the findings of the 2016 population change and family planning survey, the total fertility rate this year was estimated to reach 2.09 children per woman; the sex ratio at birth was 112.2 male births per 100 female births; the crude birth rate was 15.74‰; the crude death rate was 6.83‰; the infant mortality rate was 14.52‰; the under five mortality rate was 21.80‰. The average life expectancy of the country’s population in 2016 was 73.4 years, of which 70.8 years for males and 76.1 years for female.

The country’s labor force aged 15 and above in 2016 was estimated to be 54.4 million persons, rose 455.6 thousand persons compared with 2015, of which males was 28.1 million persons, accounting for 51.6%; females was 26.3 million persons, accounting for 48.4%. By areas, labor force aged 15 and above was 17.5 million persons for the urban area, accounting for 32.1%; 36.9 million persons for the rural area, accounting for 67.9%.

The country’s labor force within working age in 2016 was estimated at 47.7 million persons, up 275.9 thousand persons from the last year, of which there were 25.8 million males, accounting for 54.1%; 21.09 million females, accounting for 45.9%. Labor force within working age in the urban area was 16.0 million persons, accounting for 33.4%; in the rural area was 31.8 million persons, accounting for 66.6%.

Employed laborers aged 15 and above in 2016 reached an estimate of 53.3 million persons, up 451.1 million persons compared with 2015. Of which laborers aged 15 and above working in the sector of agriculture, forestry and fishery accounted for 41.9%; working in the sector of industry and construction accounted for 24.7%; working in the service sector took 33.4%. Employed laborers aged 15 and above in 2016 in the urban area accounted for 31.9%; in the rural area represented 68.1%. The rate of trained employees within working age in 2016 was estimated to reach 20.6%, higher than the rate of 19.9% in the previous year.

The number of employed laborers in the first quarter of this year was estimated to be 53.3 million persons, up 861.8 thousand persons compared with the same period last year; it was 53.2 million persons in the second quarter, up 708.7 thousand persons; 53.3 million persons in the third quarter, up 104.6 thousand persons; 53.4 million persons in the fourth quarter, down 96.2 thousand persons.

Unemployment rate of working-age labor in 2016 was 2.30%, of which it was 3.18% for the urban area; 1.86% for the rural area. Unemployment rate of the youth aged 15-24 in 2016 was 7.34%, of which it was 11.30% for the urban area; 5.74% for the rural area. Underemployment rate of working-age labor in 2016 was 1.64%, lower than the rate of 1.89% in 2015 and 2.40% in 2014, of which it was 0.73% for the urban area; 2.10% for the rural area. The rate of laborers with informal jobs outside of the agricultural, forestry and fishery households[5] in 2016 was 55.9%, of which 47.0% was in the urban area; 64.1% was in the rural area.

  1. Labor productivity

Social labor productivity[6] for the whole economy in 2016 at current prices was estimated at 84.5 million dongs per employee (equivalent to about US$ 3853 per employee). At 2010 comparative prices, labor productivity of the whole economy in 2016 was estimated to increase by 5.31% from 2015. By economic sectors, average labor productivity in the sector of agriculture, forestry and fishery reached the lowest level with 32.9 million dongs per employee; in the sector of industry and construction: 112.0 million dongs per employee; in the service sector: 103.5 million dongs per employee.

Although labor productivity of Vietnam in the past time has been significantly improved towards increasing steadily over years[7], it was still at the low level compared with countries in the region. In 2015, labor productivity of Vietnam at current prices reached US$ 3660, only equaling 4.4% of Singapore; 17.4% of Malaysia; 35.2% of Thailand; 48.5% of Philippines and 48.8% of Indonesia.

  1. People’s life and social security

In 2016, the country had 265.5 thousand times of households suffering from food shortage, up 16.7% compared with the last year, corresponding to 1099 thousand persons suffering from food shortage, up 16.4%. To overcome this problem, from the beginning of the year, all administrative levels, sectors and organizations from central to local level provided difficult households with 19.4 thousand tons of grain food; 988 tons of grain food were provided only in December 2016.

The poverty rate in 2016 was estimated to be 5.8%-6.0%. According to the multidimensional poverty lines applicable during the period 2016-2020, the poverty rate was estimated at about 10%.

According to the preliminary report, the total funding for social security and poverty reduction in 2016 was 7303 billion dongs, of which 3786 billion dongs were used to pay a compliment and support policy beneficiary objects; 2470 billion dongs were used to support poor households; and 1047 billion dongs were used for other famine and social relief. In addition, , more than 18.3 million health insurances, free health care books/cards were donated to the policy beneficiaries throughout the country.

  1. Education and training

At the time of starting the school year 2016-2017, there were over 4.9 preschool children, including 0.7 million children going to nursery schools and 4.2 million children going to kindergartens; 15.7 million students going to school, including 7.7 million primary school pupils; 5.5 million secondary school pupils and 2.5 million high school pupils.

As of the end of 2016, the country had 59/63 provinces and centrally-run cities meeting standard for compulsory preschool education for under-5-year children; 63/63 provinces and centrally-run cities meeting standard for compulsory primary education within right age group, of which 12 provinces and cities were recognized as meeting standard for compulsory primary education within right age group at level 2.

  1. Epidemic diseases and food poisoning

In 2016, the whole country had nearly 47.5 thousand cases of hand, foot, mouth disease (1 died); 106.3 thousand cases of hemorrhagic fever (36 died); 469 cases of typhoid; 962 cases of virus encephalitis (34 died); 59 cases of meningococcal disease (05 died) and 152 cases of Zika virus infection.

The total number of alive HIV-infected persons over the country as of December 17, 2016 was 231.6 thousand persons, of which 87.8 thousand cases turned to AIDS. The number of persons died of HIV/AIDS over the country as of above time-point was 89.5 thousand persons.

In 2016, the whole country had 129 serious cases of food poisoning, making 4139 persons poisoned, of which 12 cases died.

  1. Cultural and sport activities

At the Rio 2016 Paralympics, Vietnam disability sports delegation won 01 gold medal, 01 silver medal, and 02 bronze medals, was ranked 55/83 on medal standings.

High performance sport achieved remarkable results with 1097 medals won in tournaments, including: 51  medals at the world arena (13 gold, 15 silver, 23 bronze); 405 medals at the Asian arena (146 gold, 124 silver, 135 bronze); 579 medals at the ASEAN arena (277 gold, 201 silver, 151 bronze) and 12 medals at other open tournaments. Specially, Vietnam Sports won the first gold medal and one silver medal, ranked 48/206 countries and territories at the Rio 2016 Olympics.

  1. Traffic accidents

In 2016, the whole country had 21589 cases of traffic accidents, including 10349 cases of traffic accidents and 11240 cases of traffic crashing, making 8685 persons died, injuring 6180 persons and injuring slightly 13100 others. In comparison with the same period last year, cases of the traffic accidents this year decreased by 5.5% (cases of traffic accidents less serious and more reduced by 1.1%; cases of traffic collision by 9.2%); the death fell by 0.5%; the injured persons moved up by 3.3%; and slightly injured persons decreased by 13.2%. On average, each day in 2016, the whole country had 59 cases of traffic accident, including 28 cases of traffic accidents and 31 cases of traffic crashing, making 24 persons died and injuring 17 persons and injuring somewhat 36 persons.

  1. Damage by natural calamity [8]

In 2016, according to the preliminary report, natural calamity made 248 person died and lost; 470 persons injured; nearly 4600 houses collapsed, swept away; 361.7 thousand houses flooded, blown off, unroofed; 258.3 thousand hectares of rice, 113.2 thousand hectares of vegetables and crops, 49.8 thousand hectares of aquaculture damaged; 52.1 thousand heads of cattle, 1679.5 thousand fowls and over 1000 tons of fishery died. The total value of damage caused by the disaster this year was estimated nearly 18.3 trillion dongs.

  1. Fire and explosion, environment protection

In 2016, 13671 cases of violating regulations of environment protection were found over the country, of which 8249 cases were treated with total fine of 462 billion dongs.

Generally, in 2016, the whole country had 3256 cases of fire and explosion, killing 135 persons and injuring 278 others, the value of damage was estimated at 1474 billion dongs.

[1] The growth rate in comparison with the previous year of the sector of agriculture, forestry and fishery in some years was as follows: A rise of 4.23% in 2011; 2.92% in 2012; 2.63% in 2013; 3.44% in 2014; 2.41% in 2015.

[2] The growth/decrease rate compared with the previous year of the mining and quarrying in some years was as follows: a rise of 2.90% in 2011; 5.14% increase in 2012; a decline of 0.23% in 2013; 2.26% growth in 2014; an increase of 6.50% in 2015.

[3] Source: National Business Registration System, Ministry of Planning and Investment (MPI).

[4] The ratio between the price index of a country’s export goods and import goods

[5] Laborers with informal jobs outside of the agricultural, forestry and fishery households included people who are not working in the sector of agricultural households and belonged to one of the three following groups: (i) Family workers are not paid salary; (ii) the owner or member of cooperatives of establishments without business registration and (iii) employed workers do not sign the labor contract or sign the limited-time labor contract but not get compulsory social insurance contribution by the recruitment establishment.

[6]  GDP per employee aged 15 and above

[7] Social labor productivity for the whole economy at curren prices in 2011-2016 in turn was 55.2 million dongs per person; 63.1 million dongs per person; 68.7 million dongs per person; 74.7 million dongs per person; 79.4 million dongs per person; 84.5 million dongs per person.

[8] Not to mention the damage caused by serious drought and salt water intrusion in the South Central Coast, the Central Highlands and the Mekong Delta.

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